Jacques Piccard is een Zwitserse oceanograaf. Hij is erg bekend geworden door de diepzee onderzoeken die hij met zijn vader, Auguste Piccard, uitvoerde, in hun zelf ontworpen bathyscaaf (met de naam Triëste). Hiermee is hij afgereisd naar de Marianentrog. Het woord bathyscaaf is gevormd door twee Griekse woorden: bathos (diep) en skafè (sloep). Het luik werd gesloten en de Triëste daalde langzaam de diepte in. Onderwater gedraagt de Triëste zich als een ballon. Er is ballast mee, en brandstof waarmee de bovendekse schroef de bathyscaaf kan corrigeren. De bathyscaaf heeft een maximale daalsnelheid van een meter per seconde. De mannen aan boord noteerden de tijd van vertrek: 8:23 uur 's morgens. Op weg naar het diepste punt van de oceaan.
- 198 meter: Het wordt donker, plankton licht op. De benzine wordt samengeperst naar de bovenkant van de tank door de grote druk van het zeewater, want olie is lichter dan water. De zee wordt buiten donkerblauw.
- 547 meter: Het donkere water buiten koelt de wanden, de kou is binnen voelbaar.
- 3.962 meter: Een groep plankton lijkt op te stijgen vlak langs de ramen van de bathyscaaf, maar dit komt door dat wij dalen. De zee is aardedonker.
- 7.315 meter: De twee onderzoekers passeren de grootste diepte die ooit door de mens is bereikt. Hun daalsnelheid word vertraagt tot 30 cm per seconde. Ook wordt het echolood ingeschakeld.
(Met echolood kun je verticaal de afstand berekenen naar de bodem.)
- 9.906 meter: Ze horen een droog krakend geluid, en ze voelen een schok die de bol doet trillen. Het is een moment vol spanning. Alles blijkt echter normaal te zijn. De afdaling wordt voortgezet.
- 10.820 meter: Door middel van het echolood nemen de mannen de afstand tot de bodem waar die nog maar 92 meter van hun verwijdert is.
- 10.912 meter: De Triëste raakt de ivoorkleurige bodem van de Marianentrog. Dit was de laatste uithoek van onze aarde die nog veroverd kon worden. De manen meten de watertemperatuur: 3 C°. Verder beschrijven ze in de 20 minuten dat ze op de bodem stonden een op een tong lijkende vis, en nemen ze proeven met stromingen en radioactiviteit. Ook wordt er gecommuniceerd met de oppervlakte via een speciale onderwater telefoon die zonder kabel of radiogolven werkt. Tijdens het doorzoeken van de bathyscaaf vinden ze de oorzaak van de schok die het schip deed schommelen: het glas van de ingangssluis is gebarsten toen het door kou samentrok. Ze beginnen met de opstijging die drie uur en tachtig minuten zal duren nadat ze het ballast op de bodem van de trog achterlaten. De reis eindigde met de mooiste ontdekking van die dag: zonneschijn en frisse lucht. Afbeelding: Wikimedia Commons
woensdag 31 januari 2007
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Mooi bereikt hoor, maar wat hebben we er te zoeken? Om op te stijgen is er ballast achtergelaten... Kunnen we dan nooit eens ergens komen zonder rotzooi achter te laten? (denk ook aan de maan: staat vol met troep van ons mensen)
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